Use of Present Perfect
- puts emphasis on the resultExample: She has written five letters.
- action that is still going onExample: School has not started yet.
- action that stopped recentlyExample: She has cooked dinner.
- finished action that has an influence on the presentExample: I have lost my key.
- action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speakingExample: I have never been to Australia
Form of Present Perfect
Positive Negative Question I / you / we / they I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken? he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?
Verb Have in the Present Simple + Past participle of the Main verbSignal Words of Present Perfect
already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now, for, since
Links for useful exercises